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bncov - Scriptable Binary Ninja plugin for coverage analysis and visualization

bncov provides a scriptable interface for bringing together coverage information with Binary Ninja's static analysis and visualization. Beyond visualization, the abstractions in bncov allow for programmatic reasoning about coverage. It was designed for interactive GUI use as well as for factoring into larger analysis tasks and standalone scripts.

This plugin is provided as a way to give back to the community, and is not part of the Mayhem product. If you're interested in Mayhem, the combined symbolic execution and fuzzing system, check us out at forallsecure.com.

CHANGELOG

Feb 2023: drcov format version 3 now supported. Oct 2021: Some changes in the API:

• Added a ctx object that is keyed off the Binary View and helpers bncov.get_ctx and bncov.get_covdb to support multibinary use case in the UI, so now you can interactively use bncov across tabs!
• Changed old helpers bncov.get_bv/bncov.get_covdb to bncov.make_bv/bncov.make_covdb for making a Binary View from a target file and covdb from a binary and a coverage directory, respectively
• All function-related covdb member functions now default to keying off of function start addresses rather than names since function starts are unique and more usable for many applications. Extra optional args or helper functions implement the existing behavior.
• Abandoning Python2 suport
• Added download_dynamorio.py for the sloths
• Minor quality-of-life fixes

Installation

The easiest way is to install via the Binary Ninja plugin manager! The only difference when installing via plugin manager is that wherever you see import bncov, you'll do import ForAllSecure_bncov as bncov.

Alternatively:

• Clone or copy this directory into your binja plugins folder. (More detailed instructions here)
• (Optional) pip install msgpack if you want to enable loading/saving coverage database files.

Usage

Check out the tutorial for a complete walkthrough or how to get started right away using data that's already included in this repo!

First collect coverage information in DynamoRIO's drcov format (example script).

To use in Binary Ninja GUI:

1. Open the target binary, then import coverage files using one of the commands in bncov/Coverage Data/Import * either from the Tools menu or from the context (right-click) menu.
2. Explore the coverage visualization and explore additional analyses from the right-click menu or with the built-in interpreter and import bncov followed by covdb = bncov.get_covdb(bv).

Scripting:

1. Ensure bncov's parent directory is in your module search path OR add it to sys.path at the top of your script like this: sys.path.append(os.path.split(os.path.normpath('/path/to/bncov'))[0])
2. import bncov and write scripts with the CoverageDB class in coverage.py, check out the scripts folder for examples.

Screenshots

Import a coverage directory containing trace files to see blocks colored in heat map fashion: blocks covered by most traces (blue) or by few traces (red). Additional context commands (right-click menu) include frontier highlighting and a per-function block coverage report.

• Watch a directory to have new coverage results get automatically highlighted when new coverage files appear

• See at a glance which blocks are only covered by one or a few traces (redder=rarer, bluer=more common)

• Quickly discover rare functionality visually or with scripting

• Identify which blocks have outgoing edges not covered in the traces

• See coverage reports on functions of interest or what functionality may not be hit, or write your own analyses for headless scripting.

Notes

Currently the plugin only deals with block coverage and ingests files in the drcov format or "module+offset" format. Included in the repo is dr_block_coverage.py which can be used for generating coverage files, just specify your DynamoRIO install location with an environment variable (or modify the script) and it can process a directory of inputs. DynamoRIO binary packages can be found here or you can use the included download_dynamorio.py script. See the tutorial for a complete walkthrough.

Please file any feature requests/bugs as issues on GitHub, we welcome any input or feedback.

Scripting

bncov was designed so users can interact directly with the data structures the plugin uses. See the scripts/ directory for more ideas.

• Helpful CoverageDB members:

  • trace_dict (maps filenames to set of basic block start addresses)
  • block_dict (maps basic block start addresses to files containing it)
  • total_coverage (set of start addresses of the basic blocks covered)

• Helpful CoverageDB functions:

  • get_traces_from_block(addr) - get files that cover the basic block starting at addr.
  • get_rare_blocks(threshold) - get blocks covered by <= 'threshold' traces
  • get_frontier() - get blocks that have outgoing edges that aren't covered
  • get_functions_from_blocks(blocks, by_name=False) - return dict mapping function starts/names to blocks they contain
  • get_traces_from_function(function_start) - return set of traces that have coverage in the specified function
  • get_traces_from_function_name(function_name, demangle=False) - return set of traces that have coverage in the specified function

• You can use Binary Ninja's python console and built-in python set operations with bncov.highlight_set() to do custom highlights in the Binary Ninja UI.