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BitDelta: Your Fine-Tune May Only Be Worth One Bit

[Paper][Blog]

BitDelta compresses the weight delta between a fine-tuned and base model LLM to 1 bit, enabling accurate and efficient multi-tenant serving.

The current release supports:

• Llama-2 and Mistral based models.
• Memory efficient 16-bit + 1-bit Δ Linear in PyTorch
• Triton kernel for fast inference
• Gradio demo showcasing batched inference over 6 Mistral-7B based models, using only 30 GB of GPU memory!

News

• [10/2024] 🔥 BitDelta is accepted to NeurIPS 2024!
• [02/2024] 🔥 Arxiv release!

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) are typically trained in two phases: pre-training on large internet-scale datasets, and fine-tuning for downstream tasks. Given the higher computational demand of pre-training, it's intuitive to assume that fine-tuning adds less new information to the model, and is thus more compressible. We explore this assumption by decomposing the weights of fine-tuned models into their pre-trained components and an additional delta. We introduce a simple method, BitDelta, which successfully quantizes this delta down to 1 bit without compromising performance. This interesting finding not only highlights the potential redundancy of information added during fine-tuning, but also has significant implications for the multi-tenant serving and multi-tenant storage of fine-tuned models. By enabling the use of a single high-precision base model accompanied by multiple 1-bit deltas, BitDelta dramatically reduces GPU memory requirements by more than 10x, which can also be translated to enhanced generation latency in multi-tenant settings. We validate BitDelta through experiments across Llama-2 and Mistral model families, and on models up to 70B parameters, showcasing minimal performance degradation over all tested settings.

Contents

• Install
• Demo
• Usage
• Citation

Install

1. Clone the repo and navigate to BitDelta:

git clone https://github.com/FasterDecoding/BitDelta
cd BitDelta

2. Set up environment:

conda create -yn bitdelta python=3.9
conda activate bitdelta

pip install -e .

Demo

See demo/README.md for instructions on how to set up the demo.

BitDelta Demo.webm

Usage

We provide some scripts in (./scripts) so you can compress your own models! As an example, we will compress lmsys/vicuna-7b-v1.5 with base model meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf.

Compress Model

Compress the weight delta and perform scale distillation:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1 python \
    bitdelta/train.py \
    --base_model meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf \
    --finetuned_model lmsys/vicuna-7b-v1.5 \
    --save_dir $MODEL_SAVE_DIR \
    --batch_size 4 \
    --num_steps 200 \
    --save_full_model True

where $MODEL_SAVE_DIR is specified.

If --save_full_model is specified, the compressed model will also be saved in HuggingFace format at $MODEL_SAVE_DIR/calibrated_model. Otherwise, only the delta will be saved.

Perplexity Check

Double check the perplexity of the compressed model:

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0 python \
    bitdelta/eval_ppl.py \
    --base_model meta-llama/Llama-2-7b-hf \
    --dataset_name wikitext \
    --subset wikitext-2-raw-v1 \
    --save_dir $PPL_SAVE_DIR \
    --num_eval_samples 100 \
    --model_diff $MODEL_SAVE_DIR/diff.pt \

Replicate Results

To replicate our other results, please use --save_full_model to run the model in Llama format for compatibility with eval harnesses.

Citation

If you find BitDelta useful, please consider citing:

@misc{liu2024bitdelta,
      title={BitDelta: Your Fine-Tune May Only Be Worth One Bit},
      author={James Liu and Guangxuan Xiao and Kai Li and Jason D. Lee and Song Han and Tri Dao and Tianle Cai},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2402.10193},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG}
}