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Ethereum for Ruby

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A straightforward library to build, sign, and broadcast Ethereum transactions. It allows the separation of key and node management. Sign transactions and handle keys anywhere you can run Ruby and broadcast transactions through any local or remote node. Sign messages and recover signatures for authentication.

Note, this repository is just a public archive of the no longer maintained ethereum gem. For the partial rewrite and merge with the eth gem see q9f/eth.rb.

Highlights

Installation

Before installing the gem make sure you meet all prerequisites, especially that you have:

Before you run a program check that the node is running and accounts you want to spend from are unlocked.

To install gem simply add this line to your application's Gemfile:

gem 'ethereum.rb'

And then execute:

$ bundle

Or install it yourself as:

$ gem install ethereum.rb

Basic Usage

You can create a contract from solidity source and deploy it to the blockchain, with the following code:

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(file: "greeter.sol")
address = contract.deploy_and_wait("Hello from ethereum.rb!")

Deployment may take up to a couple of minutes. Once deployed you can start interacting with the contract, e.g. calling it's methods:

contract.call.greet # => "Hello from ethereum.rb!"

You can see example contract greeter here.

If contract method name uses camel case you must convert it to snake case when use call: call.your_method.

Smart contracts

Compile multiple contracts at once

If you want to complie multiple contracts at once, you can create new instances using newly declared ruby clasess:

Ethereum::Contract.create(file: "mycontracts.sol", client: client)
contract = MyContract1.new
contract = contract.deploy_and_wait
contract2 = MyContract2.new
contract2 = contract.deploy_and_wait

All names used to name contract in solidity source will translate to name of classes in ruby (camelized).

Note: If class of given name exist it will be undefined first to avoid name collision.

Get contract from blockchain

The other way to obtain a contract instance is to get one that already exists on the blockchain. To do so you need a contract name, contract address and ABI definition.

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(name: "MyContract", address: "0x01a4d1A62F01ED966646acBfA8BB0b59960D06dd ", abi: abi)

Note that you need to specify a contract name, that will be used to define new class in ruby, as it is not a part of the ABI definition.

Alternatively you can obtain the abi definition and name from a contract source file:

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(file: "MyContract.sol", address: "0x01a4d1A62F01ED966646acBfA8BB0b59960D06dd ")

If you want to create a new contract, that is not yet deployed from ABI definition you will need also to supply binary code:

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(name: "MyContract", abi: abi, code: "...")

Simple Truffle integration

If you use Truffle to build and deploy contracts, you can pick up the Truffle artifacts to initialize a contract. For example, if you have a MyContract in the Truffle directory at /my/truffle/project:

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(name: "MyContract", truffle: { paths: [ '/my/truffle/project' ] }, client: client, address: '0x01a4d1A62F01ED966646acBfA8BB0b59960D06dd')

The contract factory will attempt to load the deployed address from the Truffle artifacts if the client's network is present:

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(name: "MyContract", truffle: { paths: [ '/my/truffle/project' ] }, client: client)

Interacting with contract

Functions defined in a contract are exposed using the following conventions:

contract.transact.[function_name](params)
contract.transact_and_wait.[function_name](params)
contract.call.[function_name](params)

Example Contract in Solidity

contract SimpleRegistry {
  event LogRegister(bytes32 key, string value);
  mapping (bytes32 => string) public registry;

  function register(bytes32 key, string value) {
    registry[key] = value;
    LogRegister(key, value);
  }

  function get(bytes32 key) public constant returns(string) {
    return registry[key];
  }

}

For contract above here is how to access it's methods:

contract.transact_and_wait.register("performer", "Beastie Boys")

Will send transaction to the blockchain and wait for it to be mined.

contract.transact.register("performer", "Black Eyed Peas")

Will send transaction to the blockchain return instantly.

contract.call.get("performer") # => "Black Eyed Peas"

Will call method of the contract and return result. Note that no transaction need to be send to the network as method is read-only. On the other hand register method will change contract state, so you need to use transact or transact_and_wait to call it.

Receiving Contract Events

Using the example smart contract described above, one can listen for LogRegister events by using filters.

You can get a list of events from a certain block number to the latest:

require 'ostruct'

event_abi = contract.abi.find {|a| a['name'] == 'LogRegister'}
event_inputs = event_abi['inputs'].map {|i| OpenStruct.new(i)}
decoder = Ethereum::Decoder.new

filter_id = contract.new_filter.log_register(
  {
    from_block: '0x0',
    to_block: 'latest',
    address: '0x....',
    topics: []
  }
)

events = contract.get_filter_logs.log_register(filter_id)

events.each do |event|
  transaction_id = event[:transactionHash]
  transaction = ethereum.eth_get_transaction_receipt(transaction_id)
  args = decoder.decode_arguments(event_inputs, entry['data'])
  puts "#{transaction.inspect} with args: #{args}"
end

IPC Client Connection

By default methods interacting with contracts will use default Json RPC Client that will handle connection to ethereum node. Default client communicate via IPC. If you want to create custom client or use multiple clients you can create them yourself.

To create IPC client instance of simply create Ethereum::IpcClient:

client = Ethereum::IpcClient.new

You can also customize it with path to ipc file path and logging flag:

client = Ethereum::IpcClient.new("~/.parity/mycustom.ipc", false)

If no ipc file path given, IpcClient looks for ipc file in default locations for parity and geth. The second argument is optional. If it is true then logging is on.

By default logging is on and logs are saved in "/tmp/ethereum_ruby_http.log".

To create Http client use following:

client = Ethereum::HttpClient.new('http://localhost:8545')

You can supply client when creating a contract:

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(client: client, ...)

You can also obtain default client:

client = Ethereum::Singleton.instance

Calling json rpc methods

Ethereum.rb allows you to interact directly with Ethereum node using json rpc api calls. Api calls translates directly to client methods. E.g. to call eth_gasPrice method:

client.eth_gas_price # => {"jsonrpc"=>"2.0", "result"=>"0x4a817c800", "id"=>1}

Note: methods are translated to underscore notation using metaprogramming (See client.rb for more information).

Full list of json rpc methods is available here

Signed transactions

Ethereum.rb supports signing transactions with key using ruby-eth gem.

To create a new key simply do the following:

key = Eth::Key.new

Then you can use the key to deploy contracts and send transactions, i.e.:

contract = Ethereum::Contract.create(file: "...")
contract.key = key
contract.deploy_and_wait("Allo Allo!")
contract.transact_and_wait.set("greeting", "Aloha!")

You can also transfer ether transfer using custom keys:

client.transfer(key, "0x342bcf27DCB234FAb8190e53E2d949d7b2C37411", amount)
client.transfer_and_wait(key, "0x949d7b2C37411eFB763fcDCB234FAb8190e53E2d", amount)

Custom gas price and gas limit

You can change gas price or gas limit in the client:

client.gas_limit = 2_000_000_
client.gas_price = 24_000_000_000

or per contract:

contract.gas_limit = 2_000_000_
contract.gas_price = 24_000_000_000

Utils

Url helpers for rails applications

Often in the application you want to link to blockchain explorer. This can be problematic if you want links to work with different networks (ropsten, mainnet, kovan) depending on environment you're working on. Following helpers will generate link according to network connected:

link_to_tx("See the transaction", "0x3a4e53b01274b0ca9087750d96d8ba7f5b6b27bf93ac65f3174f48174469846d")
link_to_address("See the wallet", "0xE08cdFD4a1b2Ef5c0FC193877EC6A2Bb8f8Eb373")

They use etherscan.io as a blockexplorer.

Note: Helpers work in rails environment only, works with rails 5.0+.

Utils rake tasks

There are couple of rake tasks to help in wallet maintenance, i.e.:

rake ethereum:contract:deploy[path]             # Compile and deploy contract
rake ethereum:contract:compile[path]            # Compile a contract
rake ethereum:transaction:byhash[id]            # Get info about transaction
rake ethereum:transaction:send[address,amount]  # Send [amount of] ether to an account

Debbuging

Logs from communication between ruby app and node are available under following path:

/tmp/ethereum_ruby_http.log

Roadmap

Development

Run bin/console for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.

Make sure rake ethereum:test:setup passes before running tests.

Then, run rake spec to run the tests.

Test that do send transactions to blockchain are marked with blockchain tag. Good practice is to run first fast tests that use no ether and only if they pass, run slow tests that do spend ether. To do that use the following line:

$ bundle exec rspec --tag ~blockchain && bundle exec rspec --tag blockchain

You need ethereum node up and running for tests to pass and it needs to be working on testnet (Ropsten).

Acknowledgements and license

This library has been forked from ethereum-ruby by DigixGlobal Pte Ltd (https://dgx.io).

The gem is available as open source under the terms of the MIT License.