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Software Defined Network Situational Awareness

<img src="/docs/img/poseidon-logo.png" width="67" height="93" hspace="20"/><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170316012151/https://www.blackducksoftware.com/open-source-rookies-2016" ><img src="/docs/img/Rookies16Badge_1.png" width="100" alt="POSEIDON is now BlackDuck 2016 OpenSource Rookie of the year" hspace="20"></a>

Poseidon began as a joint effort between two of the IQT Labs: Cyber Reboot and Lab41. The project's goal is to explore approaches to better identify what nodes are on a given (computer) network and understand what they are doing. The project utilizes Software Defined Networking and machine learning to automatically capture network traffic, extract relevant features from that traffic, perform classifications through trained models, convey results, and provide mechanisms to take further action. While the project works best leveraging modern SDNs, parts of it can still be used with little more than packet capture (pcap) files.

Table of Contents

Background

The Poseidon project originally began as an experiment to test the merits of leveraging SDN and machine learning techniques to detect abnormal network behavior. (Please read our blogs posts linked below for several years of background) While that long-term goal remains, the unfortunate reality is that the state of rich, labelled, public, and MODERN network data sets for ML training is pretty poor. Our lab is working on improving the availability of network training sets, but in the near term the project remains focused on 1) improving the accuracy of identifying what a node IS (based on captured IP header data) and 2) developing Poseidon into a "harness" of sorts to house machine learning techniques for additional use cases. (Read: Not just ours!)

Prerequisites

Note: Installation on OS X is possible but not supported.

Installing

Permissions for Docker

To simplify using commands with Docker, we recommend allowing the user that will be executing Poseidon commands be part of the docker group so they can execute Docker commands without sudo. Typically, this can be done with:

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Followed by closing the existing shell and starting a new one.

Getting the bits

NOTE: If you have previously installed Poseidon from a .deb package, please remove it first. Installation from .deb is no longer supported.

Install the poseidon script which we will use to install and manage Poseidon.

curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IQTLabs/poseidon/main/bin/poseidon -o /usr/local/bin/poseidon
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/poseidon

Faucet Configuration

<img src="/docs/img/faucet.png" width="190" height="100"> NOTE: Poseidon requires at least Faucet version 1.9.46 or higher.

Poseidon uses a faucetconfrpc server, to maintain Faucet configuration. Poseidon starts its own server for you by default, and also by default Poseidon and Faucet have to be on the same machine. To run Faucet on a separate machine, you will need to start faucetconfrpc on that other machine, and update faucetconfrpc_address to point to where the faucetconfrpc is running. You may also need to update faucetconfrpc_client, if you are not using the provided automatically generated keys.

If you have Faucet running already, make sure Faucet is started with the following environment variables, which allow Poseidon to change its config, and receive Faucet events:

export FAUCET_EVENT_SOCK=1
export FAUCET_CONFIG_STAT_RELOAD=1

Faucet is now configured and ready for use with Poseidon.

Faucet stacking

Faucet supports stacking (distributed switching - multiple switches acting together as one). Poseidon also supports this - Poseidon's mirroring interface should be connected to a port on the root switch. You will need to allocate a port on each non-root switch also, and install a loopback plug (either Ethernet or fiber) in that port. Poseidon will detect stacking and take care of the rest of the details (using Faucet's tunneling feature to move mirror packets from the non-root switches to the root switch's mirror port). The only Poseidon config required is to add the dedicated port on each switch to the controller_mirror_port dictionary.

Configuring Poseidon

You will need to create a directory and config file on the server where Poseidon will run.

sudo mkdir /opt/poseidon
sudo cp config/poseidon.config /opt/poseidon

Now, edit this file. You will need to set at minimum:

Optionally, you may also set controller_proxy_mirror_ports (for switches that don't have their own mirror ports, and can be mirrored with another switch).

Updating Poseidon

From v0.10.0, you can update an existing Poseidon installation with poseidon -u (your configuration will be preserved). Updating from previous versions is not supported - please remove and reinstall as above. You can also give poseidon -u a specific git hash if you want to update to an unreleased version.

Usage

After installation you'll have a new command poseidon available for looking at the configuration, logs, and shell, as well as stopping and starting the service.

$ poseidon help
Poseidon, an application that leverages software defined networks (SDN) to acquire and then feed network traffic to a number of machine learning techniques. For more info visit: https://github.com/IQTLabs/poseidon

Usage: poseidon [option]
Options:
    -a,  api           get url to the Poseidon API
    -c,  config        display current configuration info
    -d,  delete        delete Poseidon installation (uses sudo)
    -e,  shell         enter into the Poseidon shell, requires Poseidon to already be running
    -h,  help          print this help
    -i,  install       install Poseidon repo (uses sudo)
    -l,  logs          display the information logs about what Poseidon is doing
    -r,  restart       restart the Poseidon service (uses sudo)
    -s,  start         start the Poseidon service (uses sudo)
    -S,  stop          stop the Poseidon service (uses sudo)
    -u,  update        update Poseidon repo, optionally supply a version (uses sudo)
    -V,  version       get the version installed

Step 0:

Optionally specify a prefix location to install Poseidon by setting an environment variable, if it is unset, it will default to /opt and Poseidon. (If using Faucet, it will also override /etc locations to this prefix.)

export POSEIDON_PREFIX=/tmp

Step 1:

poseidon install

Step 2:

Configure Poseidon for your preferred settings. Open /opt/poseidon/poseidon.config (add the Poseidon prefix if you specified one).

For using Faucet, make sure to minimally change the controller_mirror_ports to match the switch name and port number of your mirror port. You will also need to update the collector_nic in the poseidon section to match the interface name of the NIC your mirror port is connected to.

Step 3:

If you don't have Faucet already and/or you want to Poseidon to spin up Faucet for you as well, simply run the following command and you will be done:

poseidon start

Step 4:

If you are using your own installation of Faucet, you will need to enable communication between Poseidon and Faucet. Poseidon needs to change Faucet's configuration, and Faucet needs to send events to Poseidon. This configuration needs to be set with environment variables (see https://docs.faucet.nz/). For example, if running Faucet with Docker, you will need the following environment configuration in the faucet service in your docker-compose file:

        environment:
            FAUCET_CONFIG: '/etc/faucet/faucet.yaml'
            FAUCET_EVENT_SOCK: '/var/run/faucet/faucet.sock'
            FAUCET_CONFIG_STAT_RELOAD: '1'

If Faucet and Poseidon are running on the same machine, you can start Poseidon and you will be done:

poseidon start --standalone

Step 5:

If you are running Faucet and Poseidon on different machines, configuration is more complex (work to make this easier is ongoing): execute Step 4 first. Then you will need to run event-adapter-rabbitmq and faucetconfrpc services on the Faucet host, and change Poseidon's configuration to match.

First start all services from helpers/faucet/docker-compose.yaml on the Faucet host, using a Docker network that has network connectivity with your Poseidon host. Set FA_RABBIT_HOST to be the address of your Poseidon host. faucet_certstrap will generate keys in /opt/faucetconfrpc which will need to be copied to your Poseidon host. Then modify faucetconfrpc_address in /opt/poseidon/config/poseidon.config to point to your Faucet host.

You can now start Poseidon:

poseidon start --standalone

Troubleshooting

Poseidon by its nature depends on other systems. The following are some common issues and troubleshooting steps.

Poseidon doesn't detect any hosts.

The most common cause of this problem, with the FAUCET controller, is RabbitMQ connectivity.

# docker ps|grep faucet/event-adapter-rabbitmq
4a7509829be0        faucet/event-adapter-rabbitmq           "/usr/local/bin/entr…"   3 days ago          Up 3 days

This command reports the time that the most recent FAUCET.Event message was received by Poseidon.

If run repeatedly over a couple of minutes this timestamp should increase.

docker exec -it poseidon_poseidon_1 /bin/sh
/poseidon # wget -q -O- localhost:9304|grep -E ^poseidon_last_rabbitmq_routing_key_time.+FAUCET.Event
poseidon_last_rabbitmq_routing_key_time{routing_key="FAUCET.Event"} 1.5739482267393966e+09
/poseidon # wget -q -O- localhost:9304|grep -E ^poseidon_last_rabbitmq_routing_key_time.+FAUCET.Event
poseidon_last_rabbitmq_routing_key_time{routing_key="FAUCET.Event"} 1.5739487978768678e+09
/poseidon # exit

Poseidon doesn't report any host roles.

# ifconfig enx0023559c2781
enx0023559c2781: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet6 fe80::223:55ff:fe9c:2781  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:23:55:9c:27:81  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 82979981  bytes 77510139268 (77.5 GB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 202  bytes 15932 (15.9 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

# find /opt/poseidon_files -type f -name \*pcap |head -5
/opt/poseidon_files/trace_d3f3217106acd75fe7b5c7069a84a227c9e48377_2019-11-15_03_10_41.pcap
/opt/poseidon_files/tcprewrite-dot1q-2019-11-15-06_26_48.529473-UTC/pcap-node-splitter-2019-11-15-06_26_50.192570-UTC/clients/trace_0a6ce9490c193b65c3cad51fffbadeaed4ed5fdd_2019-11-15_06_11_24-client-ip-216-58-196-147-192-168-254-254-216-58-196-147-vssmonitoring-frame-eth-ip-icmp.pcap
/opt/poseidon_files/tcprewrite-dot1q-2019-11-15-06_26_48.529473-UTC/pcap-node-splitter-2019-11-15-06_26_50.192570-UTC/clients/trace_0a6ce9490c193b65c3cad51fffbadeaed4ed5fdd_2019-11-15_06_11_24-miscellaneous-192-168-254-1-192-168-254-254-vssmonitoring-frame-eth-arp.pcap
/opt/poseidon_files/tcprewrite-dot1q-2019-11-15-06_26_48.529473-UTC/pcap-node-splitter-2019-11-15-06_26_50.192570-UTC/clients/trace_0a6ce9490c193b65c3cad51fffbadeaed4ed5fdd_2019-11-15_06_11_24-client-ip-192-168-254-254-192-168-254-254-74-125-200-189-udp-frame-eth-ip-wsshort-port-443.pcap
/opt/poseidon_files/tcprewrite-dot1q-2019-11-15-06_26_48.529473-UTC/pcap-node-splitter-2019-11-15-06_26_50.192570-UTC/servers/trace_0a6ce9490c193b65c3cad51fffbadeaed4ed5fdd_2019-11-15_06_11_24-server-ip-74-125-68-188-192-168-254-254-74-125-68-188-frame-eth-ip-tcp-port-5228.pcap

Developing

Modifying Code that Runs in a Docker Container

If installed as described above, poseidon's codebase will be at /opt/poseidon. At this location, make changes, then run poseidon restart.

Network Data Logging

Poseidon logs some data about the network it monitors. Therefore it is important to secure Poseidon's own host (aside from logging, Poseidon can of course change FAUCET's network configuration).

There are two main types of logging at the lowest level. The first is FAUCET events - FAUCET generates an event when it learns on which port a host is present on the network, and the event includes source and destination Ethernet MAC and IP addresses (if present). For example:

2019-11-21 20:18:41,909 [DEBUG] faucet - got faucet message for l2_learn: {'version': 1, 'time': 1574367516.3555572, 'dp_id': 1, 'dp_name': 'x930', 'event_id': 172760, 'L2_LEARN': {'port_no': 22, 'previous_port_no': None, 'vid': 254, 'eth_src': '0e:00:00:00:00:99', 'eth_dst': '0e:00:00:00:00:01', 'eth_type': 2048, 'l3_src_ip': '192.168.254.3', 'l3_dst_ip': '192.168.254.254'}}

The second type of logging is host based pcap captures, with most of the application (L4) payload removed. Poseidon causes the ncapture component (https://github.com/IQTLabs/network-tools/tree/main/network_tap/ncapture) to capture traffic, which is logged in /opt/poseidon_files. These are used in turn to learn host roles, etc.

Related Components

Additional Info