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MaskedVectorQuantization (CVPR2023)

Offical PyTorch implementation of our CVPR2023 paper "Not All Image Regions Matter: Masked Vector Quantization for Autoregressive Image Generation".

TL;DR Existing vector-quantization (VQ) based autoregressive image generation simply models all local region information of images without distinguishing their different perceptual importance in the first stage, which brings redundancy in the learned codebook that not only limits the next stage’s autoregressive model’s ability to model important structure but also results in high training cost and slow generation speed. In this study, we borrow the idea of importance perception from classical image coding theory and propose a novel two-stage framework, which consists of Masked Quantization VAE (MQVAE) and Stackformer, to relieve the model from modeling redundancy.

Our framework includes: (1) MQ-VAE incorporates an adaptive mask module for masking redundant region features before quantization and an adaptive de-mask module for recovering the original grid image feature map to faithfully reconstruct the original images after quantization. (2) Then, Stackformer learns to predict the combination of the next code and its position in the feature map.

See Our Another CVPR2023 Highlight Work about Vector-Quantization based Image Generation "Towards Accurate Image Coding: Improved Autoregressive Image Generation with Dynamic Vector Quantization" (GitHub)

Requirements and Installation

Please run the following command to install the necessary dependencies.

conda env create -f environment.yml

Data Preparation

Prepare dataset as follows, then change the corresponding datapath in data/default.py.

ImageNet

Prepare ImageNet dataset structure as follows:

${Your Data Root Path}/ImageNet/
├── train
│   ├── n01440764
│   |   |── n01440764_10026.JPEG
│   |   |── n01440764_10027.JPEG
│   |   |── ...
│   ├── n01443537
│   |   |── n01443537_2.JPEG
│   |   |── n01443537_16.JPEG
│   |   |── ...
│   ├── ...
├── val
│   ├── n01440764
│   |   |── ILSVRC2012_val_00000293.JPEG
│   |   |── ILSVRC2012_val_00002138.JPEG
│   |   |── ...
│   ├── n01443537
│   |   |── ILSVRC2012_val_00000236.JPEG
│   |   |── ILSVRC2012_val_00000262.JPEG
│   |   |── ...
│   ├── ...
├── imagenet_idx_to_synset.yml
├── synset_human.txt

FFHQ

The FFHQ dataset could be obtained from the FFHQ repository. Then prepare the dataset structure as follows:

${Your Data Root Path}/FFHQ/
├── assets
│   ├── ffhqtrain.txt
│   ├── ffhqvalidation.txt
├── FFHQ
│   ├── 00000.png
│   ├── 00001.png

Training of MQVAE

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 python train.py --gpus -1 --base configs/stage1/mqvae_imagenet_f8_r25.yml --max_epochs 50

The mask ratio could be set in model.params.masker_config.params.topk_ratio (i.e., mask ratio = 1 - model.params.masker_config.params.topk_ratio).

Visualization of Adaptive Maske Module

Training of Stackformer

Unconditional Training:

Copy the first stage DQVAE's config to model.params.first_stage_config. Set the pre-trained DQVAE's ckpt path to model.params.first_stage_config.params.ckpt_path.

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 python train.py --gpus -1 --base configs/stage2/stackformer_imagenet_v12p12_uncond.yml --max_epochs 50

NOTE: Some important hyper-parameters:

• the layer of Code-Transformer: model.params.transformer_config.params.value_layer
• the layer of Position-Transformer: model.params.transformer_config.params.position_layer

Class-conditional Training

CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 python train.py --gpus -1 --base configs/stage2/stackformer_imagenet_v12p12_class.yml --max_epochs 50

Reference

If you found this code useful, please cite the following paper:

@InProceedings{Huang_2023_CVPR,
    author    = {Huang, Mengqi and Mao, Zhendong and Wang, Quan and Zhang, Yongdong},
    title     = {Not All Image Regions Matter: Masked Vector Quantization for Autoregressive Image Generation},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
    month     = {June},
    year      = {2023},
    pages     = {2002-2011}
}

@InProceedings{Huang_2023_CVPR,
    author    = {Huang, Mengqi and Mao, Zhendong and Chen, Zhuowei and Zhang, Yongdong},
    title     = {Towards Accurate Image Coding: Improved Autoregressive Image Generation With Dynamic Vector Quantization},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)},
    month     = {June},
    year      = {2023},
    pages     = {22596-22605}
}