Awesome
BCMeshTransformView
BCMeshTransformView
makes it easy to apply a mesh transform to a view hierarchy. It's inspired by a private CALayer
property meshTransform
and its value class CAMeshTransform
. I highly recommend taking look at the blog post on those two as it explains the concepts in depth and hopefully justifies some API choices I made.
Features
- Transforms regular UIKit view hierarchy
- Animatable with block-based
UIView
animations of meshes - Supports directional lighting
The demo app contains a few examples of how a mesh transform works and what it can achieve.
Installation
BCMeshTransformView
is available via CocoaPods:
pod 'BCMeshTransformView'
Alternatively, you can copy the contents of BCMeshTransformView
folder to your project and include BCMeshTransformView.h
.
Requirements
- iOS 7.0
- ARC
- GLKit framework
You may optionally include OpenGL ES framework, as this will enable frame capturing.
Using BCMeshTransformView
// create an instance
BCMeshTransformView *meshView = [[BCMeshTransformView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 400, 300)];
UILabel *label = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 400, 300)];
// add a view hierarchy to a contentView, subviews of contentView will get mesh-transformed
[meshView.contentView addSubview:label];
// apply a mesh
meshView.meshTransform = [self simpleMeshTransform];
[self.view addSubview:meshView];
Remember to add any subviews you want to get mesh-transformed to contentView
, not the view itself. The class will conveniently warn when you call addSubview:
method on its instance.
Using BCMeshTransform
A mesh transform consists of two different primitives: vertices and faces.
Vertices
A single vertex is represented by BCMeshVertex
struct and consists of from
and to
fields:
typedef struct BCMeshVertex {
CGPoint from;
BCPoint3D to;
} BCMeshVertex;
A vertex defines mapping between the point on the surface of the view and its transformed position in the 3D space.
Both from
and to
field are defined in unit coordinates, similarly to how anchorPoint
property of CALayer
works.
Faces
A face is defined by four vertices it's spanned on. Vertices are referenced by their index in the vertices
array of a mesh transform.
typedef struct BCMeshFace {
unsigned int indices[4];
} BCMeshFace;
Depth Normalization
Since vertices are defined in unit coordinates specifies the missing depth scale has to be defined as a function of the other two coordinates. The depthNormalization
parameter can be set to one of the following six constants:
extern NSString * const kBCDepthNormalizationNone;
extern NSString * const kBCDepthNormalizationWidth;
extern NSString * const kBCDepthNormalizationHeight;
extern NSString * const kBCDepthNormalizationMin;
extern NSString * const kBCDepthNormalizationMax;
extern NSString * const kBCDepthNormalizationAverage;
Simple Mesh Transform
Here's how the simplest mesh transform actually looks like:
- (BCMeshTransform *)simpleMeshTransform
{
BCMeshVertex vertices[] = {
{.from = {0.0, 0.0}, .to= {0.5, 0.0, 0.0}},
{.from = {1.0, 0.0}, .to= {1.0, 0.0, 0.0}},
{.from = {1.0, 1.0}, .to= {1.0, 1.0, 0.0}},
{.from = {0.0, 1.0}, .to= {0.0, 1.0, 0.0}},
};
BCMeshFace faces[] = {
{.indices = {0, 1, 2, 3}},
};
return [BCMeshTransform meshTransformWithVertexCount:4
vertices:vertices
faceCount:1
faces:faces
depthNormalization:kBCDepthNormalizationNone];
}
This transform will perform a very simple skew transform, and you can tweak it further by modifying positions of to
vertices. Check out the mesh transforms in the demo app to learn how to create more complex effects.
Although BCMeshTransform
is the default base class, the mutable counterpart, BCMutableMeshTransform
, is much more convenient to use.
##Animations
All versions of block-based UIView
animations are supported, apart from keyframe and spring animations. Animation always begins from the current state, regardless of presence of UIViewAnimationOptionBeginFromCurrentState
flag.
For an animation to occur, the current and final meshes have to be compatible:
- they must have the same number of vertices
- they must have the same number of faces
- the faces at corresponding indexes must point to the same vertices, (their
indices
arrays must be equal)
##Lighting
BCMeshTransformView
supports a simple lighting model in a form of diffuse lighting with pure white light:
@property (nonatomic) BCPoint3D lightDirection;
@property (nonatomic) float diffuseLightFactor;
The lightDirection
property defines the direction of a light source in the scene. The vector doesn't have to be normalized and by default it's equal to {0.0, 0.0, 1.0}
.
The diffuseLightFactor
defines how much does diffuse lighting influence the general lighting of the scene. When it's equal to 1.0
the entire scene uses pure diffuse lighting, when equal to 0.0
, the scene is only lit by ambient lighting. Values in between modify the percentage accordingly.
Supplementary Transforms
BCMeshTransformView
supports arbitrary matrix transformations in a form of the following property:
@property (nonatomic) CATransform3D supplementaryTransform;
Every mesh vertex in the scene gets transformed with supplementaryTransform
. The property can be used to apply perspective transform or any other common operation like rotation, translation and scale.
Convenience Mesh Methods
Creating BCMutableMeshTransform
from scratch is tedious so I created a few convenience methods that should make the process much more pleasant:
Identity Mesh Transform
This method creates a mesh transform with given number of rows and columns of faces. Generated mesh is uniform and it doesn't contain any disturbances - applying it to BCMeshView
won't have any visual effect, but it's a great start for further modifications:
+ (instancetype)identityMeshTransformWithNumberOfRows:(NSUInteger)rowsOfFaces
numberOfColumns:(NSUInteger)columnsOfFaces;
Generators
Instead of manually creating buffer storage for the default constructor, you can use the following class method:
+ (instancetype)meshTransformWithVertexCount:(NSUInteger)vertexCount
vertexGenerator:(BCMeshVertex (^)(NSUInteger vertexIndex))vertexGenerator
faceCount:(NSUInteger)faceCount
faceGenerator:(BCMeshFace (^)(NSUInteger faceIndex))faceGenerator;
The blocks will be called vertexCount
and faceCount
times respectively.
Map
A very convenient map method makes it very easy to modify existing BCMutableMeshTransform
. It's extremely useful with dense identity transforms:
- (void)mapVerticesUsingBlock:(BCMeshVertex (^)(BCMeshVertex vertex, NSUInteger vertexIndex))block;
Caveats
-
BCMeshTransformView
is stable and works, but it's still in beta. It won't break down unexpectedly, but I haven't seriously battle tested the class, so there still might be some edge cases when something doesn't behave as intended. -
Mesh generation is computationally heavy and may be slow in Debug mode, especially on older devices. Compiling with optimizations (Release has -Os by default) should provide major improvements.
-
Since rendering is OpenGL based the
BCMeshTransformView
implicitly clips its content to bounds, regardless ofclipsToBounds
property state. -
If semi-transparent faces overlap, only the frontmost one will be rendered. The original
CAMeshTransform
z-sorts its triangles, however, I'm using a depth buffer to resolve the relative z-order of triangles. -
All animations on the subviews of
contentView
are not supported and are removed by default. Although the content ofcontentView
is snapshotted automatically on any layer changes, this process takes over 16 ms so it's not efficient enough to afford snapshotting the layer on every frame.